Black Eyed Susans, also known as Rudbeckia, are cheerful, low maintenance flowers that thrive in many gardens. This guide explains how to grow Black Eyed Susans, care for them properly, and know when to transplant for stronger, longer lasting blooms. These are some of the easiest perennials I grow year after year with almost no care.
How to Grow Black Eyed Susans
Black Eyed Susans thrive in full sun and bloom best with at least six hours of direct light each day. They tolerate partial sun, but flowering will be lighter and stems may stretch.
These hardy flowers grow well in average, well draining soil and do not need rich amendments to perform. Poor drainage is the biggest issue to avoid, as soggy soil can lead to weak growth and root problems.
Water young plants regularly until established, then reduce watering once roots are deep. Mature Black Eyed Susans are drought tolerant and prefer slightly dry soil over constantly wet conditions.
Space plants 12 to 18 inches apart to allow good air circulation and prevent overcrowding. Proper spacing helps reduce disease and encourages strong, upright growth with more blooms.
Why Black Eyed Susans are Garden Favorites
I adore Black Eyed Susans for their hardiness, long blooming period, and minimal maintenance needs. Their cheerful blooms attract pollinators, like bees and butterflies, making them an essential part of a thriving garden ecosystem. Whether you’re a novice gardener or a seasoned horticulturist, Black Eyed Susans are sure to bring joy and color to your outdoor space.
Popular Varieties of Rudbeckia to Grow
Rudbeckia, or Black-Eyed Susan, is a garden favorite for its vibrant colors and hardy nature. Here’s a closer look at some popular varieties:
Goldsturm
This classic variety is one of the most widely grown Rudbeckias. Known for its golden-yellow petals surrounding a dark brown, almost black cone, ‘Goldsturm’ is a reliable bloomer, producing an abundance of flowers from midsummer to early fall. It grows to about 24 inches tall, making it perfect for the middle or front of a border. Its compact size and ability to thrive in various soil conditions make it a versatile and low-maintenance choice for gardens. Starting from seed can be challenging, so I recommend purchasing Goldsturm roots for the best chance of success in growing them.
Buy Rudbeckia Goldsturm Here
Indian Summer
Clasping Coneflower
This variety is distinguished by its unusual petal structure, where the bright yellow petals seem to clasp the central cone, giving it a more delicate and refined look. The flowers are slightly smaller, around 2 to 3 inches across, and the plants grow to about 3 to 4 feet tall. ‘Clasping Coneflower’ is well-suited for naturalistic gardens and wildflower meadows, where it can blend in beautifully with other native plants. It’s also highly drought-tolerant and low-maintenance, making it an excellent choice for gardeners who want stunning blooms with minimal effort. Additionally, this variety attracts a variety of pollinators and can be a valuable addition to any garden focused on supporting local wildlife.
Buy Rudbeckia Clasping Coneflower Here
Autumn Forest
Marmalade
For those who love vibrant, fiery colors, ‘Marmalade’ is an excellent choice. This variety features bright orange petals with a slightly ruffled texture, giving the flowers a lively, dynamic appearance. The central cone is dark, creating a striking contrast with the orange petals. ‘Marmalade’ grows to about 2 feet tall, making it a good option for mixed borders or as a standout plant in a container garden.
Buy Rudbeckia Marmalade Here
Each of these varieties brings its own unique charm to the garden, whether you prefer the classic beauty of ‘Goldsturm’ or the fiery hues of ‘Cherokee Sunset.’ With their long blooming periods and vibrant colors, Rudbeckias are a must-have for any garden looking to add a splash of color and life.
Preparing to Grow Black Eyed Susans
Choosing the Perfect Planting Location
Black Eyed Susans thrive in full sun, requiring at least 6 hours of direct sunlight daily. Choose a location that offers ample light and good air circulation to prevent disease. These plants also appreciate a spot with some protection from strong winds.
Ideal Soil Conditions for Rudbeckia
Rudbeckia prefers well-draining soil with a slightly acidic to neutral pH. While they are not overly fussy about soil type, enriching the soil with compost or organic matter can enhance growth and bloom production. Avoid overly rich soil, as it can lead to excessive foliage at the expense of flowers.
When to Plant Black Eyed Susan Seeds
The best time to plant Black Eyed Susan seeds is in the spring or early fall. Spring planting allows the plants to establish before the heat of summer, while fall planting gives them a head start for the next growing season. Ensure the soil temperature is consistently above 70°F for optimal germination.
Starting Black Eyed Susans from Seeds
Sourcing High-Quality Rudbeckia Seeds
For robust and thriving Rudbeckia plants, begin with premium seeds from trusted sources. I found Eden Brothers offers an extensive selection of varieties, while True Leaf Market specializes in rare and hard-to-find options.
Preparing Seeds for Optimal Germination
Before planting, soak the seeds in water for 12-24 hours to soften the seed coat and improve germination rates. This simple step can significantly boost your success with starting Black Eyed Susans from seeds.
Germination Tips for Seedling Success
Sow the seeds on the soil surface and lightly press them down. Do not cover them with soil, as they need light to germinate. Keep the soil consistently moist and maintain a temperature of around 70°F. Germination usually takes 7-14 days. For more information about seed germination, see my post here.
Transplanting Black Eyed Susan Seedlings
When to Transplant Seedlings Outdoors
Transplant your Black Eyed Susan seedlings outdoors once they have developed a few true leaves and the danger of frost has passed. Harden them off by gradually exposing them to outdoor conditions over a week.
Transplanting Techniques for Healthy Growth
Dig a hole twice as wide as the root ball and deep enough to accommodate the roots without crowding. Gently place the seedling in the hole, backfill with soil, and water thoroughly. Space the plants 12-18 inches apart to allow for adequate airflow and growth.
Caring for Newly Transplanted Black Eyed Susans
Newly transplanted Black Eyed Susans need consistent moisture until they establish. Water them deeply once or twice a week, depending on weather conditions. Mulching around the base can help retain soil moisture and suppress weeds.
Nurturing Your Black Eyed Susans
Watering: Keeping Your Plants Hydrated
Black Eyed Susans are relatively drought-tolerant once established but benefit from regular watering during dry spells. Water at the base of the plants to keep the foliage dry and reduce the risk of fungal diseases.
Feeding Black Eyed Susans for Vigorous Growth
Feed your Black Eyed Susans with a balanced, slow-release fertilizer in the spring. Over-fertilization can lead to lush foliage with fewer blooms, so it’s best to feed sparingly. When I think my flowers need a boost I use Dr. Earth Organic 8 Bud & Bloom Fertilizer. My plants love it!
Mulching: Protecting and Nourishing Your Plants
Apply a 2-3 inch layer of mulch around your Black Eyed Susans to conserve moisture, regulate soil temperature, and suppress weeds. Organic mulches, like straw or shredded bark, also add nutrients to the soil as they decompose.
Dealing with Pests and Diseases
Common Pests that Affect Black Eyed Susans
Black Eyed Susans are generally resistant to pests, but aphids, spider mites, and slugs can occasionally pose a problem. Regularly inspect your plants for signs of infestation.
Natural Pest Control Solutions
Introduce beneficial insects, like ladybugs and lacewings, to control aphids. Use neem oil or insecticidal soap for persistent pest issues. For slugs, handpicking or using natural deterrents like crushed eggshells can be effective.
Preventing and Treating Fungal Infections
Ensure good air circulation and avoid overhead watering to prevent fungal diseases like powdery mildew and leaf spot. If an infection occurs, remove affected leaves and apply a fungicide if necessary.
Encouraging Bloom Production
Tips for Abundant and Vibrant Flowers
Tips for Abundant and Vibrant FlowersTo encourage prolific blooming, ensure your Black Eyed Susans receive full sun and are planted in well-draining soil. Regular deadheading also promotes continuous flower production.
Deadheading Black Eyed Susans for Continuous Blooms
Remove spent flowers by cutting the stem just above the next set of leaves. This not only keeps the plant looking tidy but also stimulates new flower growth.
Supporting Tall Rudbeckia Varieties
Tall varieties of Rudbeckia may need staking to prevent them from toppling over. Use bamboo stakes or other supports and tie the stems loosely with garden twine.
Propagating Black Eyed Susans
Collecting and Saving Seeds for Future Plantings
Allow some flowers to go to seed by leaving them on the plant until they dry out. Collect the seeds and store them in a cool, dry place for planting next season.
Propagating Through Division and Cuttings
Divide mature plants in the spring or fall to create new Black Eyed Susan plants. Carefully dig up the plant, separate the root clumps, and replant them in a prepared bed.
Tips for Successful Propagation
Ensure that each division has a healthy root system and several shoots. Water the new plants well and provide some shade until they establish.
Black Eyed Susans in Different Garden Settings
Best Companion Plants for Rudbeckia
Black Eyed Susans pair well with other sun-loving perennials like echinacea, bee balm, shasta daisy and yarrow. Their bright blooms create a striking contrast with blue or purple flowers.
Growing Black Eyed Susans in Containers
For those with limited space, Black Eyed Susans can be grown in containers. Choose a large pot with good drainage and use a quality potting mix. Water regularly and provide full sun.
Incorporating Black Eyed Susans into Meadow Gardens
Black Eyed Susans are a staple in meadow gardens. Their hardy nature and ability to thrive in less-than-ideal soil conditions make them ideal for naturalized settings.
Seasonal Care Tips
Springtime Care for Black Eyed Susans
In spring, clean up any dead foliage from the previous year and apply a fresh layer of mulch. Fertilize lightly and ensure the soil is well-drained and free of waterlogging. As new growth begins, check for any signs of pest or disease that may have overwintered and address them promptly. A gentle pruning of old stems can encourage vigorous new growth and a more robust blooming season. Ensure that your Black Eyed Susans receive adequate sunlight, as this is crucial for their early development and overall health. With these steps, you’ll set the stage for a vibrant and flourishing display throughout the growing season.
The History and Origin of Rudbeckia
Rudbeckia, commonly known as Black Eyed Susan, hails from North America. These perennial and annual plants were first discovered in the wild prairies and open woodlands. Named after Olaus Rudbeck, a Swedish botanist, Black Eyed Susans have been cherished in gardens since the 19th century.
Unique Characteristics of Black Eyed Susans
Black Eyed Susans are renowned for their daisy-like appearance with bright yellow petals radiating from a dark, chocolate-brown center. They typically grow between 2 to 3 feet tall, though some varieties can reach up to 6 feet. Their sturdy stems and drought tolerance make them ideal for various garden settings.
